Skip to main content
Down Payment & Assistance

Down Payment Sources and Gift Rules

Savings, gifts, retirement funds, and DPA - what works, what to document, and where borrowers get tripped up.

9 min
Read time
2026-06-06
Last updated
Down Payment & Assistance
Topic
01

The Short Version

Down payment funds have to be sourced and seasoned. Sourced means the lender can trace where the money came from; seasoned means it's been sitting in your account long enough (usually 60 days) to be considered yours without further explanation.

This is where a surprising number of loans get held up - not because the borrower doesn't have money, but because a $6,000 deposit two weeks before closing can't be paper-trailed. Handle sourcing early, not on closing week.

Level

Plain-English

No jargon, real examples

Written by

Licensed advisors

Quick Mortgage Loans

Good for

Down Payment & Assistance

Buyers & homeowners

02

Acceptable Sources, Ranked by Friction

Every mainstream loan program accepts these; the difference is how much paperwork each one takes.

Key points
  • Personal savings and checking (seasoned): easiest. Two months of statements and you're done.
  • Documented gift from family: easy with a gift letter and paper trail from donor to closing.
  • Sale of an existing home: settlement statement documents the source.
  • 401(k) or IRA withdrawal or loan: allowed on most programs; withdrawal has tax implications, a 401(k) loan has a repayment payment that may count toward DTI.
  • Sale of assets (car, stocks, crypto): requires proof of ownership, bill of sale or brokerage statement, and deposit trail.
  • Down payment assistance (DPA): allowed but adds a second lien or grant document and extra underwriting steps.
03

Sourcing and Seasoning, in Practice

Two months of bank statements for every account you'll use is the standard document request. Underwriting looks for two things: enough funds to cover down payment, closing costs, and reserves; and no unusual deposits that aren't payroll.

'Unusual' means anything more than roughly half your monthly gross income that isn't payroll. Selling something on Facebook Marketplace for $4,000 the month before closing is an unusual deposit. So is a Venmo transfer from a friend that isn't a gift.

The Single Most Common Down-Payment Sourcing Problem

Depositing cash. Cash is the one source lenders cannot verify. If you've been saving cash under the mattress, deposit it more than 60 days before you plan to apply - otherwise it can't be used for down payment, period.

04Section 4

Gift Funds: Rules by Program

Gifts are common and fully acceptable on nearly all owner-occupied loans, but the rules differ by program on who can give and how much.

Gift Fund Rules by Program
Conventional (primary)Family only; 100% of down payment allowed; gift letter + paper trail
FHAFamily, employer, charity, or government DPA; 100% of down allowed
VAAnyone with no expectation of repayment; 100% of any borrower cost
Investment propertyGifts generally not allowed toward down payment
Every program requires a written, signed gift letter stating no repayment is expected.
05

What a Good Gift Letter and Paper Trail Look Like

The gift letter is a one-page document with the donor's name, relationship, gift amount, address of the property, and a statement that no repayment is expected. We provide the template.

The paper trail is what most delays hinge on. The cleanest version: donor writes a check or wires funds directly to escrow at closing, and provides a bank statement showing the funds leaving the donor's account. That's it. Cash gifts, gifts run through Venmo without documentation, or gifts deposited by the borrower and then moved between accounts create hours of extra work.

06

Retirement Funds: Withdraw vs. Loan

Using retirement funds is completely acceptable, but there are two paths and they have different downstream effects.

Key points
  • Withdrawal: pull funds and pay income tax plus (if under 59½) a 10% penalty. First-time buyers can take up to $10,000 from an IRA penalty-free but still owe income tax.
  • 401(k) loan: borrow against your own balance and repay through payroll. No taxes, but the repayment counts toward DTI, which can hurt qualification.
  • Practical answer: if DTI is tight, prefer withdrawal (or a gift). If DTI has room, a 401(k) loan avoids the tax hit.
07

Down Payment Assistance (DPA)

DPA programs - state, city, and nonprofit - can cover part or all of the down payment for eligible buyers. Most are structured as second liens (repaid later or forgivable after 5–10 years of occupancy) or as outright grants.

The trade-off is complexity: DPA adds underwriting time, income limits, and often first-time-buyer restrictions. We have a dedicated guide to the currently-active programs.

Quick Mortgage also offers a fully forgivable DPA grant - money toward your down payment that is never repaid once the program terms are met. Most other lenders do not offer this grant, and many are not even aware it exists. Eligibility, income limits, and program guidelines apply, and approval is always subject to underwriting - ask us to check whether you qualify before you assume you need to keep saving.

FAQ

Frequently Asked

The standard rule is 60 days (two full statement cycles). Money that's been there longer is considered 'seasoned' and doesn't need to be sourced beyond the bank statement.
Ready when you are

Have a Specific Question About Your Situation?

A licensed advisor is a quick call away - no obligation.

Call Now Get Preapproved